The issue of responsibility is one of the most fundamental topics in Islamic thought, occupying a significant position in both theology and in the domains of jurisprudence and ethics. Islamic teachings, with an emphasis on knowledge and awareness, present it as the foundation of human accountability, since in the logic of the Qur’an and Hadith, ignorance is the source of many individual and social deviations and corruptions. This study seeks to analyze the various dimensions of responsibility attributed to the conscious human being, based on Qur’anic verses and narrations. In particular, by focusing on the noble verse “After knowledge has come to you”, the study examines responsibilities arising from knowledge across four domains: doctrinal, rational, innate, and ethical. The research method is library-based and descriptive-analytical, utilizing both primary Islamic sources and contemporary studies. The findings indicate that, according to narrations, knowledge and awareness are not only privileges but also obligations, and every knowledgeable individual bears a multilayered responsibility toward both self and society. Thus, the typology of responsibility in Islamic thought reveals that knowledge constitutes the primary boundary between the responsible and the non-responsible, and can serve as a basis for a more precise understanding of human duties.