نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
Monotheism, as the fundamental axis of divine religions, plays a pivotal role in the dimensions of governance and legislation, in addition to the worship aspect; as the noble verse Indeed, the rule is only for Allah explains the monopoly of sovereignty in the divine essence. The issue of the present study is to criticize the reductionist approach of the Wahhabi movement, which, by focusing exclusively on monotheism of worship and ignoring monotheism of sovereignty, reduces the mission of the divine prophets to a mere call to worship rituals and paves the way for deviant and takfiri readings in the Islamic world. This study, using a descriptive-analytical method and citing verses of the Holy Quran and authentic narrations, critically examines the epistemological foundations of this view and its consequences on the philosophy of sending a messenger. The findings of the study show that the exclusive interpretation of monotheism by Wahhabism faces three fundamental challenges: first, it conflicts with explicit Quranic texts regarding the negation of tyrants and the establishment of justice, which consider divine sovereignty to be the pillar of the mission; second, it conflicts with the views of prominent Sunni commentators such as Fakhr al-Razi and Ibn Kathir, who have emphasized the semantic coherence of "worship" and "absolute obedience"; and third, it conflicts with the practical conduct of the Prophet (PBUH) in establishing government and the rational ruling based on the coherence of creation and the right to legislate. Finally, the study proves that monotheism of sovereignty is not only a marginal pillar, but is the ultimate philosophy of the mission of the prophets to achieve justice and comprehensive servitude, and reducing it to individual worship is a distortion of the revealed message.
The central critique of this study rests on the principle of *semantic equivalence between worship (‘ibādah) and obedience (ṭā‘ah)* as acknowledged by prominent Sunni exegetes. If worship indeed equates to obedience, then reducing divine sovereignty to a purely devotional dimension results in a serious conceptual contradiction.
Through a descriptive-analytical approach, this study argues that *the monotheism of sovereignty* constitutes the core criterion behind the *divine mission of prophets*. The findings reveal that Wahhabi thought conflicts with three foundational axes:
1. **Qur’anic teachings** — such as the rejection of *ṭāghūt* (false authorities) and the command to establish justice (*iqāmat al-qisṭ*);
2. **Classical exegetical positions** — including those of *Fakhr al-Rāzī* and *Ibn Kathīr*, who emphasize the comprehensive nature of *tawḥīd*;
3. **Hadithic and rational principles** — evident in the *Prophetic practice of state-building* and the *rational necessity* of linking creation with divine sovereignty.
These conclusions underscore the necessity of adopting a *holistic view of monotheism* encompassing both devotional and governance dimensions — thereby safeguarding the essential, uncorrupted message of the prophets.
کلیدواژهها English
