Contemporary environmental crises, beyond their technical and managerial dimensions, are rooted in humanity’s worldview, its place within the order of creation, and the manner in which it interacts with nature. Achieving a sustainable approach to environmental protection therefore requires reexamining the epistemological and normative foundations that shape the relationship between humans and the natural world. This study aims to explain the jurisprudential–theological system of Islam in regulating human interaction with the environment and to identify the connection between theological principles and practical legal rulings in this field. The research employs a descriptive–analytical method and draws upon Qur’anic, Hadith, theological, and Islamic jurisprudential sources.

The findings show that, in Islamic thought, the environment is not merely a set of exploitable resources but a manifestation of divine signs and a component of the purposeful order of creation. This perspective is reflected in Qur’anic teachings as well as in prophetic and Imamic traditions that emphasize the prohibition of environmental destruction, the avoidance of extravagance, encouragement of tree planting, and respect for living beings. Core theological principles such as tawhid, the wisdom and purposiveness of creation, human vicegerency, responsibility, and divine justice form the conceptual foundations of this view. In practice, these foundations appear in jurisprudential principles such as the prohibition of harm, liability for destruction, causation-based responsibility, and the obligation to safeguard public interests. Consequently, environmental jurisprudence in Islam represents a coherent jurisprudential–theological framework that supports responsible use of natural resources and provides important capacities for addressing contemporary environmental challenges.