The theory of the "Imamat of the Children of the Greatest" is based on the assumption that after each Imam, the office of Imamate is transferred to his eldest male son. This theory has been proposed in some sectarian conflicts of the early Islamic centuries, especially in the issue of the succession of Imams, as a way to explain the continuity of the Imamate. The present study, using a descriptive-analytical method and relying on theological, hadith and historical sources, critically examines this theory within the framework of Imamiyyah thought. The findings of the study show that in the Imamiyyah, the Imamate is a divine office, text-based and based on characteristics such as infallibility and divine knowledge, and therefore, the seniority of a child alone cannot be the criterion for determining the Imam. Also, an examination of the historical evidence of the transfer of the Imamate shows that the rule of seniority has not been fulfilled in many cases and, as a result, it cannot be considered a general and determining principle in the Shiite Imamate system. Accordingly, the theory of the Imamate of Akbar's descendants, at best, refers to a limited and restricted understanding in some historical contexts and is not compatible with the theological foundations of Imamiyyah.