نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
عنوان مقاله English
نویسنده English
The aim of this research is to reinterpret the concept of “bad’a” in Shiite theology using Hegel’s dialectical logic and explain it within the framework of the three-level model of wills; a model that includes the divine eternal will (genesis), the divine legislative will, and the human will. Bad’a, as one of the fundamental concepts in Imami theology, has always been a point of conflict between determinism and free will. This article attempts to introduce bad’a, using a philosophical approach, not as a negation of divine knowledge, but as a dialectical synthesis between absolute knowledge and human will. The research method is analytical-comparative, and using authentic Shiite theological and philosophical sources such as Nahj al-balaghah, Usul al-Kafi, Majma’ al-bayan, and the works of Mulla Sadra, especially Al-Asfar al-Arba’s, the three components of will and their relationship with the concept of bad’a have been explored. Also, Hegel's dialectical structure is used as a theoretical framework to analyze the contradiction and conceptual transcendence between eternal knowledge and human free will. The findings show that the Bada, as a synthesis, not only resolves the contradiction between divine a priori knowledge and human free will, but also forms a dynamic system of interaction of wills in the form of "divine actual knowledge" and the theory of "the matter between matters". The result of the research is that the Bada, contrary to popular belief, is not a sign of ignorance or change in divine knowledge, but rather a sign of the emergence of divine will as a realization and response to human will; and from this perspective, it can be considered a dialectical synthesis in the architecture of wills. Finally, by presenting Quranic examples and the philosophical consequences of this explanation, the article shows that the Bada is a manifestation of divine fluid wisdom that elevates human free will from a nominal state to real action.
کلیدواژهها English
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